Significant Business Function-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discusss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Business Functions. Answer: Presentation Redistributing has become a critical business work both in the private and open area and is a significant part in business methodology (Gunasekaran et al., 2015). The expanding rivalry among organizations both in the nearby and universal market has calmed down chiefs to underscore on achieving upper hand to as to get by in the market. With the current pattern, the fulfillment of the requirements of the clients and winning their trust is getting increasingly troublesome; in any case, it tends to be increased through contribution items and administrations of significant worth. The exhibition of the business can be accomplished by utilization of the customary techniques notwithstanding re-appropriating the business capacities. The goal of re-appropriating is to build adaptability and versatility of the organization to the new market circumstances by concentrating on the objective of the firm, assigning a few capacities, exchanges to different organizations. Be that as it may, redistribu ting likewise accompanies confinements in situations where the re-appropriated organization is less beneficial than the re-appropriating organization. Task Objective The point of this investigation is to decide why most associations re-appropriate a portion of their business capacities. Moreover, this investigation looks at the explanations behind the choice of redistributing with the point of building up a top to bottom comprehension of the target. Undertaking Scope Redistributing is broad and includes all the business capacities; but since of the imperatives of time and cash, it was difficult to address all the capacities in this exploration. Consequently, in light of the above reasons the analyst considered the accompanying critical business capacities: Data innovation Bookkeeping administrations Human asset Deals and advertising The information accumulated is from twenty-nine associations. 1Literature Review The idea of redistributing Mella and Pellicelli (2012) characterize redistributing as appointing work recently done inside the organization to be finished by an outside association. To separate among insourcing and out-entrusting, Mella and Pellicelli portray insourcing as moving the re-appropriated work from the provider to be totally overseen by the staff which for the most part brings about rivalry with outside providers. While out-entrusting happens when the errand is done outside the firm, yet full control of the activities are held by the organization; that is the particular subtleties of how the work is to be completed. Alebrand, (2013) further gives the distinction among offshoring and re-appropriating: when a redistributed undertaking is done locally viz in a similar nation, at that point it is named as coastal re-appropriating. Though a re-appropriated work executed in different nations yet inside comparable time regions is alluded to as nearshore redistributing. On the off chance that the redistributed work is done in nations with time regions that are far separated, at that point it is named as seaward re-appropriating. Re-appropriating is a procedure of dynamic. The significant choice is to redistribute given assignments or not. The choice to re-appropriate is gotten a lot of convoluted in current associations on account of their incorporated applications with one another. For example, IT applications cut over all the activities of various divisions therefore making it hard to re-appropriate just a single application. Moreover, on account of horrible showing out of redistributing, and afterward the entire organization is influenced. Hence, the models used to inspect the choice of re-appropriating must be multidimensional and impalpable (Mella and Pellicelli, 2012). Kinds of administrations redistributed This part thinks about the generally redistributed administrations. Schniederjans, M., Schniederjans, An and Schniederjans, D. (2015.) plots benefits that are for the most part redistributed: Information innovation administrations, Human asset administrations, authoritative and deals and showcasing capacities. Redistributing the Accounting Function Maelah et al., (2012) declares that the bookkeeping administrations are the most redistributed anyway they are restricted to explicit occupations in the capacity. As per Raudla and Tammel (2015) Some of the administrations inside the bookkeeping capacity that can be redistributed incorporate virtual finance, the assortment of receivable records, the executives of money by banks, the documenting of assessment forms, readiness and announcing of budget reports, evaluating, printing of checks, the assortment of cash receipts and so forth. Raudla and Tammel (2015) feature the advantages and disadvantages that can be accomplished from re-appropriating administrations in the bookkeeping capacity. As per their investigation, the extraordinary motivation behind re-appropriating the capacity of assortments is on the grounds that provider can catch up on the customers who are late in installments that would help the staff in light of special aptitudes that are required in convincing association s to pay for accumulating solicitations and item assortments. The key intentions in inner examining redistributing include: A mix of aptitudes, Employee esteem: the presentation estimation of the provided reviewing staff is as a rule above bar traits the advantages of re-appropriating to The experience of assorted practices: Because evaluators regularly review a wide range of associations then the information base is developed and in this manner ready to do the inspecting task productively. Besides, Raudla and Tammel fights back that redistributing go bookkeeping capacity brings about Flexible costs: the business can just bring about expenses for the review work done and in this way can without much of a stretch save money on cost by moving from the fixed expenses for inward staff to outside staff. Comparable ends are shared by Butlernand Callahan (2014) with respect to the advantages of Outsourcing finance administrations, which incorporate Avoiding the very late surge of installme nts of finance charge, Evade the installment of programming refreshes, Escape the printing of checks, To counter check for any twofold areas within proper limits conveyance and To ease administrative work for the bookkeeping staff to concentrate on other weightier matters. Siew-Chen and Seow-Voon (2016) in their examination discovered that redistributing can be hazardous, for example, Collection organizations can cut off the client relationship with the business by the way in which they gather the obligations from the determined business. This may additionally end any future business manages the firm. As per Sulaiman Ainin et al. (2012 ) re-appropriating is normally exorbitant in light of the fact that the provider is paid a level of the gathered bill. Roughage et al. (2016) accentuates that inner evaluating is Costly in light of the fact that the outer reviewing organization costs more than the inward inspectors on the grounds that a definitive expense is reflected in the overheads and net revenue of the business. Likewise Hay (2017) discovered that The issue with appointing the inspecting capacity to the outer examining firm may make the most of the chance and build up their chiefs (since they increase an expansive information base about the administrations of the organization) in this manner denying the association of the opportunity to prepare directors for the venture later on. Redistributing Computer Services. PC administrations are the most redistributed administrations ever. Gorla and Somers (2014) records that a few providers further re-appropriate their inner administrations to different suppliers. The practical PC benefits that are generally re-appropriated incorporate the branch of information the executives, where the provider hands over the whole primary edge of the application to an office that is coordinated to work for some organizations. All the product uses of the business are worked from this area. Another re-appropriated region is the correspondence and systems, help work area, upkeep of personal computers, and so on. Re-appropriating of data framework/innovation is its portion work that used to be an inside assignment to an outsider. The IT redistributing administrations are programming advancement, support of equipment, and web facilitating (Lewis, 2015). The call for web facilitating and information stockpiling administrations have as of late expanded. Associations get this usefulness by the application specialist organizations where the administration can store and recover their data through the open systems. Chang and Gurbaxani (2012) in their exploration feature that Outsourcing IS work Cuts the costs for procurement of work areas all the more so in organizations confronting money related emergency. In various examinations Gorla and Somers (2014); Chang and Gurbaxani (2012) discovered that the acquisition of any necessary PCs required for the server farm and its support is taken consideration by the provider. Re-appropriating prompts Cost decrease by moving the whole server farm, the board of calls and arranges and the control of the client care work area to the provider. By changing registering costs from static to variable aides in the decrease of costs, for example, establishment and compensation paid to the staff during establishment and upkeep Lewis (2015). Besides, the organization appreciates administrations from experienced specialists which it may not have. The information base of the representatives of the provider has various encounters from working with various organizations Despite what might be expected, Datta and Mahapatra (2014) contend that the dangers related with re-appropriating IT capacity may preclude its redistributing. For example, Datta and Mahapatra stresses that the firm needs to bring about preparing costs on the most proficient method to speak with the client care work area from the provider. Additionally, the administrations of the assist work area with characterizing the notoriety of the business to a bigger degree. Accordingly in the event that the specialist organization bungles in tending to issues identifying with staff, at that point this may influence the general usefulness of the business. Lewis (2015) contends that at times, the provider may not enthusiastically track open issue and redistributing the improvement work is dangerous in light of the fact that the performing developers can rapidly leave the firm because of a paranoid fear of moving to the supplier which might be known for misusing of its representatives. Re-appropriating Human Resource Function. The human asset work offers generally administrative types of assistance which can promptly be de

- Art and Music Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

- Art and Music Appreciation - Essay Example in God’s structure, yet Leonardo outlined it in a logical or numerical graph, despite everything indicating an excellent structure and catching the development of that time. This composition looks for old great structures to make a memorable scene: a Renaissance trademark that is taken away with engineering (Palladian segments) and figures (Constantine). In the event that a similar activity occurred in a timberland, it would be burglarized of the class and noteworthy props important to recount to the story, and it would lose noteworthiness. The Emperor requires the lofty encompassing and the baldachin (or marquee): devotion. Poor people and rich spectators would not be differentiated so pointedly if the foundation was nonpartisan: here the homeless people are viewed as being there at the command of a sort lord: noble cause. The rich are there to give recognition to a Christian chief: modesty. The greatness underlines the importance. Mother and kid pictures and sculptures have come down to us from old occasions: a lot further back than the Christian time. Isis, the Egyptian goddess, was regularly delineated with her child Horus, which researchers believe is one case of the wellspring of most Mother/Child depictions. There is likewise the Phemba, a nineteenth century African mainstream sculpture of a mother and youngster. Michelangelo’s mid 1500s sculpture of Madonna and Child is an exceptionally developed version of an extremely old subject that varies enormously from early medieval pictures, which were glorified, and to a great extent dependent on symbols. Indeed, even medieval sculptures have a solid level look, and practically all show the Madonna with a ‘upturned egg-molded head’ and long Byzantine nose. Michelangelo’s sculpture is a delicate depiction of a melancholic lady: a humanistic sketch of feeling. The verses of the Spring poem, and the strains of the orchestral arrangements that incomprehensibly paint an open air scene, are my most loved of all the four developments. Here we have an away from of expectation in everything new: ‘a sparkling appearance of Spring’ loaded with little winged creatures, breezes (light breezes), leaves and plants that

Stranger Critical Essay free essay sample

This verifiable story starts with the primary character, Meursault, going to his mother’s burial service. As the story continues, Meursault gets to know a man and gets engaged with something that will cost him his life. Camus depicts the negligibility of human life through the perspectives and way of life of Meursault. Camus utilizes various components of style to pass on his message. Three components of style that show Meursault’s plain lack of interest to life are differentiate, perspective, and portrayal. As the components of the novel are examined, the subject of Camus will turn out to be clear. Camus utilizes complexity to make clear Meursault’s imminent on life. Camus keenly differentiates Meursault to other significant characters in The Stranger. These characters incorporate Perez, Raymond, and Marie. Thomas Perez is an elderly person who is prodded for being Madam Meursault’s â€Å"fiance. † Perez took Madam Meursault’s passing extremely hard. He battled in his mature age to stroll to the entombment site and is depicted to cry tears of disappointment and weariness. We will compose a custom paper test on Stranger Critical Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The typical reaction to death is appeared in Perez’ response, which is sorrow and grieving. Meursault didn't cry at his mother’s burial service. He didn't have a clue about the age of his own mom. Meursault’s principle concern was the warmth and resting. There is a sharp differentiation in the passionate reactions of Perez and Meursault with respect to this demise. Raymond Sintes is Meursault’s neighbor. Raymond considers Meursault his buddy, and they build up a to some degree included fellowship. Raymond’s hostility is a character characteristic that contrasts Meursault’s lack of interest. Raymond is irate that his special lady undermined him, and in one part he is gone up against by the police for beating her. This one case of Raymond’s animosity is sufficient to show how extraordinary Meursault was from him. Meursault doesn't appear to show any sort of passionate response to most things that transpire, including outrage. Marie Cardona is the ladies that Meursault is in a â€Å"relationship† with. Marie had plans for their future, while Meursault didn't. In one of their discussions, Meursault says, â€Å" she brought up that marriage was a genuine thing. I stated, â€Å"No. † She quit talking for a moment and took a gander at me without saying anything. † (42). Marie needs to wed Meursault, yet from this statement clearly Meursault couldn't care less about marriage. Marie’s affections for Meursault particularly differentiate his affections for her. These instances of difference depict Camus’ by and large topic that life is futile to Meursault. Perspective is another component of style that Camus uses to communicate the aimless of life. This epic is written in restricted first individual perspective. Meursault talks for the most part of his own musings and prospectives on things. For instance, during Meursault’s preliminary, he tells the peruser that he gets exhausted rapidly with the prosecutor’s discourse. We know Meursault’s contemplations on all the things he experiences in the book. Be that as it may, Meursault doesn't attempt to comprehend the considerations or planned of different characters. At the end of the day, his perspective is abstract. Take for example, Salamano. At a certain point in the novel, Salamano loses his pooch. He is discovered holding up outside Meursault’s entryway, needing to talk with him. Through their exchange, Meursault tells the peruser that he couldn't care less how Salamano feels because of losing his friend. While sitting in his condo live with Salamano, Meursault says, â€Å"He was driving me insane a bit, however I didn’t have anything to do and I didn’t feel sluggish. Only for a comment, I got some information about his canine. † (44). Meursault never shows certified worry for different characters confronting issues in the story. Despite the fact that he was happy to converse with Salamano, he just offered him shallow sympathy, assuming any. Meursault’s perspective can likewise be portrayed as disconnected as opposed to included. Meursault doesn't generally think about anything he is engaged with, and it is in this way made known through his imminent. We realize that Meursault is withdrawn in the connections he has with different characters, as Marie for instance. Marie goes to visit Meursault when he is in jail. Through his portrayal of what is happening surrounding him, clearly he is withdrawn from Marie. Consequently, Camus utilizes perspective to pass on a focal message of the novel. Camus exploits portrayal to depict the subject of the inaneness of life. Meursault stays a static character whose activities, character and inspiration all mirror this topic. Meursault’s activities on the day after the burial service return to censure him in the times of his preliminary. The investigator utilizes the realities of his numbness towards his own mother’s age, the satire he saw with Marie, swimming and taking Marie home a while later to delineate Meursault as being reckless in his activities. His thoughtlessness connects straightforwardly to his deadpan character. Meursault never shows bitterness for the death of his mom, or regret for killing the Arab. His apathetic character is just common thinking about his sheer absence of inspiration. This is seen in Meursault’s lack of engagement in the proposition for employment of moving to Paris and in possibly reinforcing his relationship with Marie. Meursault never shows signs of change all through the novel. He stays a static character. At the point when he is confronted with the real factors of death, he doesn't change his position on the significant of life. Toward the finish of the novel, while still in his cell, Meursault says to himself, â€Å"Well, so I’m going to pass on. Sooner than others will clearly. Be that as it may, everybody knows life isn’t worth living. (114). These instances of Meursault’s portrayal doubtlessly pass on the Camus’ message to the peruser. Using different components of style, for example, differentiate, perspective, and portrayal, Camus firmly conveys his message of the negligible of life. His motivation in passing on this message isn't extremely advantageous. For the most part, relatively few individuals can associate with Meursault and his lifestyles. Saying that life is useless isn't important to anybody. All in all, the general truth of this novel is that it doesn't make a difference to most of individuals who read it.

Annotated Bibliography From New York Times - 275 Words

Annotated Bibliography: From New York Times (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: Annotated BibliographyNameInstitutionAnnotated BibliographyBrooks David (2011) Its Not About You. Retrieved 13th Dec. 2014 from /2011/05/31/opinion/31brooks.html?_r=2This is a great article from New York Times that provides opinions of the columnist on the challenges that graduates of the Americaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s colleges encounter on the job market upon graduation. The author explores how the culture and the job market is devastated thus making life difficult for new graduates. The author also explores how self-denial is the best way available way for the new graduates to make a notch in the life after college.Video Library Programs Telethon (2013). Si pudiÃÆ'ramos ver el corazÃÆ' ³n de los demà ¡s. Retrieved from http://vimeo.com/77450643This is a Spanish short footage translated in English as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"if we could see through the heart of othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. The film show the beauty of looking through others as they see themselves. It teaches that it is only wh en we are able to explore other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s fears, joys, anxieties and illusions in that manner that we can be able to empathize with them and discover their desires and concerns so as to make a more livable world. It has been well done.Green D. (2013). More Young People Are Moving Away From Religion, But Why? Retrieved /2013/01/15/169342349/This is a roundtable discussion about religion of NPR's author David Green with a number of young people aged below 30 years. The article records the answers that those youths interviewed provided as to why a fifth of the youths moved away from religion. One thing that this comprehensive article tries to demonstrate is the commonality of a generation of youths who actually question and challenge the authority of religion in the present postmodern world.Mackey, M. (2012). The Fiscal Times. Retrieved from /Articles/2012/01/28/The-Take-Care-of-Me-Society-is-Wrecking-the-USAThis article explore how the American culture has changed from once c ulture of celebrating and inspiring the hardworking and productive to a culture which the author refers as "moocher culture" a term he cite from the title of Charles J. Sykes new book. This moocher culture the author...

Effects of Poverty on Youth Free Essay Example, 1250 words

It was seen that a number of factors caused differential in IQ between children of those above poverty and those belonging to below the poverty line (Bellary, 2001). The main cause of differential in IQ was lead absorption, ear problems, anemia and low birth weight. All these are caused due to poverty in the family. According to Stern and Danziger (1990) there is a relationship among family income, child development and family structure. It was found that by keeping the socio-economic status constant, single-parent family can have a small negative effect on IQ of a youth. Hence single or teen parenthood effects the development of youth (Ravallion, 2010). It is also seen Youth who are raised by single parents complete one year less schooling than that of youth who have two-parents. Klebanov, Brooks-Gunn and Duncan (1994) did a detailed research on effects of persistent poverty on youth development. They found out that youth whose families are persistently in poor have lower IQ and ex hibit behavioral problems more than youth who experience transitory poverty. These effects are observed when other factors like maternal schooling, family structure are included into the study. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Poverty on Youth or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Test was also conducted on the effect of youth development on neighborhood characteristics. It was seen that youth with a higher concentration of rich neighbors has a good development than those of youth who have poor neighbors (Shah, 2013). Chase-Lansdale, Michael and Desai (1990) studied the way home environment have effects on development of youth. Cognitive development of youth was measured along with the income level of the family. It was seen that if a child was poor and the average income of the family was low, it affected the cognitive development of the youth. Maternal employment also had an effect on them. If the income of the family is earned by a mother it has an adverse effect on the development of youth because of her inability to play a pivotal role in the development of youth (Bradbury, Jenkins and Micklewright, 2001). Discussion Youth gets affected due to poverty in their family. It refers to development of interdependent skills of cognitive language, sensorimotor and social emotional functioning. The entire above thing depends on the physical well being of the Youth. Many like family context and the social network helps in the process. Youth should be given proper education to move out of poverty line. They should have educational achievement under their belt and have completed their formal schooling.

Paradise Lost Satan Hero or Villain - 2668 Words

Satan: Epic Hero or Villain? John Milton wrote one of the greatest epic poems of all time when he wrote Paradise Lost in 1667. The book tells about mans creation and fall while detailing characters and the plot beyond what the Bible taught. One of these characters is Satan, which is one of the most argumented, controversial, and popular characters in the history of literature. The reason for controversary is the unclarity of whether or not Satan is a hero or a villain. He contains many qualities that distinguish him as a hero. On the other hand he also has qualities which say he is a villain. Scholars have written over time to support each argument of hero or villain and have explained why Milton decided to create such a†¦show more content†¦He was still trying to give confidence to his soldiers and he gave a speech which inspired a great number of the devils. Such implements of mischief as shall dash to pieces and oerwhelm watever stands Adverse, that they shall fear we have disarmed The Thunderer of his only dreaded bolt. Nor long shall be our labour, yet ere dawn Effe ct shall end our wish. Meanwhile revive, Abandon fear; to strength and counsel joined Think nothing hard, much less to be despaired. (Milton 183) This shows that even though they were being defeated greatly Satan was still trying to give confidence to his men and make them believe that they did in fact have a good chance of winning. Scholars have contributed their opinion in the role of Satan that he is a hero in the poem. With the Prince of Hell Milton reverses the functions and correspndingly the characteristicts, stressing thoseappropriate to an epic antagonist and underplaying though incorporating those of an example of evil. (Kaston 58) Kaston is saying in the poem Milton totally reverses the beliefs which have always been associated with Satan. Everyone has always portrayed Satan as evil and as the villain of everything. But Milton has used him as a hero who was doing something in which everyone thought was evil. Satans actual attempt to defeat god was evil but all the qu alities in which Satan showed us were not evil. All the leadership qualities and acts areShow MoreRelatedEssay on John Miltonss Paradise Lost: Is Satan a Villain or Hero?2009 Words   |  9 Pagesof whether Satan is the hero or the villain of John Milton’s Paradise Lost has been largely debated by scholars over the centuries. The ones who believe Satan is the villain of the epic, more commonly known as the Anti-Satanists, tend to argue that Satan is too foolish to be considered a hero, as his â€Å"hostility to Almighty power† is ultimately a futile endeavour (as God’s power is omnipotent) (Carey, 135). C.W. Lewis, also an anti-Satanist, goes as far as to claim that to â€Å"admire Satan, then, is toRead MoreSatan As A Hero And A Villain916 Words   |  4 PagesSatan as a Hero and a Villain (Analysis of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost) John Milton created Paradise Lost out of twelve books of well constructed poetry. A poem depicting and going into detail of the story of Adam and Eve, man’s creation and fall. The poem focuses on the actions of one particular character, Satan. Milton introduces his readers to Satan in Book I as a hero, trying to get revenge against God for throwing him out of Heaven, being banished to Hell. But as Satan carries on withRead MoreIs Satan A Hero Or Villain?1258 Words   |  6 PagesIs Satan a Hero or a Villain? An Analysis of Milton’s Paradise Lost The heroic qualities of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost are overwhelmingly masked by his ‘satanic’ and villainous acts which qualify his character to fall into a category of villain rather than hero. Paradise Lost is an epic poem and like all epic poems, requires an epic hero with a tragic flaw. The tragic flaws of Satan are too prominent and effectual to call him an epic hero, but rather these flaws, or evil characteristicsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Orwell s Paradise Lost 882 Words   |  4 Pagesmessage, they all utilize epic conventions to help communicate a specific message or lesson. In Paradise Lost, Milton effectively uses the conventions of epics to justify the ways of God to humanity. Paradise Lost includes most if not all of the conventions of epics, however several conventions in particular are the ones that best communicate Milton s message. The first convention is a legendary hero who embodies the values of a civilization. Adam and Eve are our heroes in this story. While AdamRead MoreThe Paradox Of The Hero1484 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Hero in Paradise Lost What exactly is a hero? A common pedestrian might say a hero is someone who goes out of their way to help people. A child may say that a hero is someone who performs valiant deeds. Merriam-Webster Dictionary itself has 3 definitions of a hero: â€Å"a person who is admired for great or brave deeds or acts,† â€Å"a person who is greatly admired† and â€Å"the chief male [or female] in a story, play, movie etc.† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In a literary situation, a hero is definedRead MoreDemonic Heroism : The Psychoanalysis Of Satan Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesHeroism: The Psychoanalysis of Satan The epic poem Paradise Lost recounts the creation of life through the actions of Satan, also known as Lucifer, with god and his newer children: Adam and Eve. In the first half of Milton’s epic poem, Satan is first viewed a hero; courageous, a leader of fallen angels. He is prideful and determined in pursuing what he believes to be true which is why Satan rose off the lake of fire and challenges God while he delivered his heroic speech. 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Book II of this epic poem opens with Satans speech to his minions in hell, proposing war on Heaven itself. In these first 44 lines, Satan is clearly established as epic hero, but at the same time is theologically/morally denounced by theRead MoreJohn Miltons Paradise Lost863 Words   |  4 PagesParadise Lost is a story of Genesis told as it normally would be, but with a protagonist focus on Satan. The story is told largely with Satan being favorably portrayed and God having little presence other than cursing things, which convinces the audience that Satan’s view of God as a tyrant may not be too far off. Still, Satan is portrayed as the villain of the story. However, he has characteristics of a classical hero; including flaws that make the audience relate to and feel sympa thy for him. ByRead MoreEssay on Satan, the Core of Milton ´s Paradise Lost1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe great debate whether Satan is the hero of Milton’s Epic Poem, Paradise Lost, has been speculated for hundreds of years. Milton, a writer devoted to theology and the appraisal of God, may not have intended for his portrayal of Satan to be marked as heroic. Yet, this argument is valid and shares just how remarkable the study of literature can be. Milton wrote his tale of the fall of man in the 1674. His masterpiece is an example of how ideas of a society change with time. This is because it wasn’t

Financial Relationship

Question: 1.Explain the Following Concepts ? A.Sensitivity Analysis B.Scenario Analysis 2.Explain the Following Model ? A.Capital Asset Pricing Model. B.Capital Market Line. Answer : Introduction This assignment mainly provides the answers of two questions. While answering the first question, the study discusses on the relationship between the capital budgeting techniques like, Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value method and managerial decision making process. At the same time, the answer also includes the discussion regarding the concepts of sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis in relation to capital budgeting techniques. The answer in the second question defines the similarities and dissimilarities between the Capital Assets Pricing Model and Capital Market Line. Question 1 The capital budgeting techniques like, Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value analysis are most popular methods that help the management of the companies taking logical investment decisions (Robinson and Burnett 2016). The internal rate of return is a capital budgeting technique that helps to identify the percentage of return that the management or the company will get by investing in a particular project. While calculating the internal rate of return, the management considers future cash inflows and out flows of that project. In the words of Abor (2017), the internal rate of return or IRR either motivates or de-motivates the investors or the management towards a particular project. The identification of IRR percentage of the project also indicates the breakeven point of the project. Hayward et al. (2016) suggests that if the value of IRR is higher than the cost of finance, then the project can be consider as an attractive project. This means, by identifying the IRR, the manag ement can understand whether the project is suitable for them or not. Net Present Value or NPV is another capital budgeting method that helps to identify the present value of certain future course of action or the future project (Magni, Veronese and Graziani 2016). In order to identify the NPV of a particular project, the future cash flows and discounting rate are considered. In case of a particular project, if the NPV value is positive, then it is considered that the project will be able to generate positive cash inflows in future years when the project will be completed (Tong, Hu and Hu 2017). Therefore, like, IRR, the NPV also helps the management understanding whether the project will be profitable for the company or not. Concept of sensitivity analysis in relation to capital budgeting technique Sensitivity analysis is a concept that helps identifying the impact of different values of independent variable on the dependent variable under certain circumstances (Christina 2009). On the other side, capital budgeting is a technique of analyzing a particular project in order to determine whether the project must be taken or not. Berk and Van Binsbergen (2016) have mentioned that the sensitivity analysis is related to the capital budgeting techniques to some extent. In case of the sensitivity analysis in general context, the management analyzes the project by considering both financial as well as non-financial factors, whereas in the capital budgeting, the management considers only the financial factors while analyzing a particular project (Anderson and Linderoth 2016). This indicates that the sensitivity analysis in relation to capital budgeting is that through which the management analyzes the financial factors of a project. In the other words, it can be said that through sensitivity analysis, the management of a company identifies or determines the probability of getting success in a particular project. Habibi, Habibi and Habibi (2016) has defined the sensitivity analysis as the technique of identifying or budgeting the cash inflow and outflow of a particular project by considering some essential factors like, interest rate, current economic condition and inflation rate. The sensitivity analysis in relation to capital budgeting can be better done with the help of IRR and NPV methods (Robinson and Burnett 2016). For example, in a particular project, the management of a company identified the IRR 10%, where the cost of capital is 5%. This means the IRR is much higher than the cost of capital or finance cost. Therefore, there is more chance or probability that the project will be profitable or suitable for the company because the rate of return that the investor or the company will get will be high. Simila rly, if the company identifies that the net present value of the project is negative, then the probability of project failure will be high, which means the management must not invest in the project (Christina 2009). Concept of Scenario analysis in relation to capital budgeting technique Scenario analysis is a technique of analyzing a particular project by considering certain factors and assumptions. In the other words, it can be said that the scenario analysis is a technique of analyzing a project by considering variety of situations or scenarios. Berk and Van Binsbergen (2016) commented that the scenario analysis helps the management of a company analyzing each possible alternative outcome of a particular project. Habibi, Habibi and Habibi (2016) have mentioned that the scenario analysis helps the managers identifying the value of a project by considering each risk factor. With the help of the scenario analysis, the management can understand impact of any unfavorable situation on the particular project taken by the company (Anderson and Linderoth 2016). For example, while investing in a new project like, business expansion, the management of the Woolworths Limited conducts the scenario analysis in order to identify the possible risks and return percentage of the pr oject. Before starting or investing a particular project, it is very important conducting the scenario analysis of the project. In case of any particular investment project, the company can conduct the scenario analysis by identifying the IRR and NPV by considering different rates of cost of capital (Tong, Hu and Hu 2017). At the same time, the management can also conduct the scenario analysis by identifying the IRR and NPV at different economic situations like, identifying the IRR and NPV during the high inflation in the market and identifying the IRR and NPV by considering the depression in the market (Christina 2009). Scenario analysis through capital budgeting techniques helps the management conducting realistic analysis of the project, which ultimately helps taking quick and appropriate decision. Therefore, from the above analysis, it can be understood that sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis both are important for the management while taking any decision related to capital investment. These two analytical concepts are very effective in case of capital budgeting. These two concepts help analyzing the project under realistic scenario. Question 2 Identifying the similarities and differences between Capital Assets Pricing Model and Capital Market Line Before identifying the similarities and dissimilarities between Capital Assets Pricing Model or (CAPM) and Capital Market Line, it is important to have a basic knowledge on these two concepts, which are stated below: The main motive of CAPM model is identifying the relationship between the systematic risk and the expected return from a particular investment or asset (Lal et al. 2016). While analyzing a particular project with the help of CAPM, the management requires considering both of the systematic and unsystematic risk factors. Prat (2016) has considered the CAPM as one of the most suitable model for analyzing the suitability of a particular financial or investment project. In order to identify the expected return through the CAPM model, the following formula will be followed: Re = Rf + B [E (Rm) Rf] Rf = Risk free rate of the securities Re = Return on equity B = Beta coefficient and E (Rm) = Expected rate of return on the portfolio of market B [E (Rm) Rf] = The difference between the rate of risk- free rate and the anticipated return of market security that is referred as market premium. On the other side, the Capital Market Line shows the market portfolio of a particular set of risky assets. This is a tangent line that represents the value of the risks factors in a particular project. The Capital Market Line starts from the point, where the investment project is risk free and ends to the point, where the risks in the project starts (Kianpoor and Dehghani 2016). The Capital Market Line indicates the risk factors in a project that helps the CAPM model determining the fair value of the investment or project in respect to the current market value (Do, Bhatti and Konya 2016). Moreover, the Capital Market Line helps determining the level of performance of a particular assets portfolio. The Capital Market Line for a particular investment portfolio indicates whether the portfolio is overvalued or under-valued. The securities under a portfolio can be considered as under-valued if the expected rate of return of the security against the risk component that is beta is drawn abo ve the Capital Market Line and vice-versa (Kianpoor and Dehghani 2016). The major similarity between Capital Assets Pricing Model and Capital Market Line is that both help to determine the return from a particular investment or portfolio (Christensen, Hail and Leuz 2016). In case of the CAPM, the expected return on investment is measured based on the expected market return, risk variance and risk free rate of return (Lal et al. 2016). On the other side, in case of the Capital Market Line, the expected return is measured by identifying the tangent line by considering the CAPM. Another similarity between these two is that the both consider the risk factors while determining the return. As stated above, in case of CAPM, two types of risks are considered systematic risk and unsystematic risk (Petters and Dong 2016). On the other side, as the Capital Market Line is determined by considering the CAPM, it also considers the systematic as well as unsystematic risk. In the words of Prat (2016), the expected return from a project or investment which is determined by the CAPM model, is represented by the Capital Market Line. Though there are some similarities between the Capital Assets Pricing Model and Capital Market Line, it cannot be said that these two are completely same. There are some differences between these two. The first difference is that the Capital Assets Pricing Model determines the expected return of the investment portfolio by considering the risk free rate, systematic risks and the market premium rate; whereas, the Capital Market line determines the value of the investment portfolio by considering the probable return and risk factors (Christensen, Hail and Leuz 2016). Another difference between these two is that the Capital market line is just a graphical representation of value of the securities in the investment portfolio, but the CAPM does not provide any graphical representation that identifies the expected returns for the investment portfolio of a particular investor (Petters and Dong 2016). The capital market line depends on the CAPM model because while determining the Capital Market Line, the CAPM formula is followed in order to identify the expected return of the particular investment portfolio (Do, Bhatti and Konya 2016). However, the Capital Assets Pricing Model is not depended on the Capital Market line. Therefore, it can be said that CAPM is a part of Capital Market Line but Capital Market Line is not a part of CAPM model. In case of the Capital Market Line, only the efficient portfolios are shown. In the other words, it can be said that the Capital Market Line represents only those portfolio, which are efficient and include high return. However, this cannot be applied in case of the CAPM model (Christina 2009). Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that CAPM and Capital Market Line are related to each other but they are not completely same. Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that the Internal Rate of Return and he Net Present Value are the two most effective methods of capital budgeting. The study has identified that the internal rate of return and the net present value help the management of the companies to determine whether they should invest in a particular project or not. At the same time, the study has also identified that the management of an organization may conduct the sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis based on the capital budgeting techniques like, IRR and NPV. As per the analysis in the study, the sensitivity and scenario analyses help to determine the feasibility and suitability of the project in the real scenario. The study has also indicated that the capital assets pricing model and the capital market line both aim to identify the expected return of an investment portfolio and at the same time, these two also consider the risk factors while determining the expected return. However, the capital market line is a graphical representation of value of the securities in the investment portfolio, which is not same in case of the capital assets pricing model. Reference list: Abor, J.Y., 2017. Evaluating Capital Investment Decisions: Capital Budgeting. InEntrepreneurial Finance for MSMEs(pp. 293-320). Springer International Publishing. Anderson, E. and Linderoth, J., 2016. High Throughput Computing for Massive Scenario Analysis and Optimization to Minimize Cascading Blackout Risk.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. Berk, J.B. and Van Binsbergen, J.H., 2016. Assessing asset pricing models using revealed preference.Journal of Financial Economics,119(1), pp.1-23. Christensen, H.B., Hail, L. and Leuz, C., 2016. Capital-market effects of securities regulation: Prior conditions, implementation, and enforcement.Review of Financial Studies, p.hhw055. Christina, P., 2009. Capital budgeting methods.Docs. school Publications. Do, H.Q., Bhatti, M.I. and Konya, L., 2016. On ASEAN capital market and industry integration: a review.Corporate Ownership and Control Journal,2(1), pp.8-23. Habibi, H., Habibi, R. and Habibi, H., 2016. Derivation of Kalman Filter Estimates Using Bayesian Theory: Application in Time Varying Beta CAPM Model.Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods,5(2), pp.1-16. Hayward, M., Caldwell, A., Steen, J., Gow, D. and Liesch, P., 2016. Entrepreneurs' Capital Budgeting Orientations and Innovation Outputs: Evidence From Australian Biotechnology Firms.Long Range Planning. Kianpoor, M.M. and Dehghani, A., 2016. The Analysis on Fama and French Asset-Pricing Model to Select Stocks in Tehran Security and Exchange Organization (TSEO).Procedia Economics and Finance,36, pp.283-290. Lal, I., Mubeen, M., Hussain, A. and Zubair, M., 2016. An Empirical Analysis of Higher Moment Capital Asset Pricing Model for Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE).Open Journal of Social Sciences,4(06), p.53. Magni, C.A., Veronese, P. and Graziani, R., 2016. Chisini Mean and a Unified Approach to Capital Budgeting Criteria. Petters, A.O. and Dong, X., 2016. Capital Market Theory and Portfolio Risk Measures. InAn Introduction to Mathematical Finance with Applications(pp. 151-208). Springer New York. Prat, R., 2016. Five Objections Against Using a Size Premium When Estimating the Required Return of Capital with the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Robinson, C.J. and Burnett, J.R., 2016. Financial Management Practices: An Exploratory Study of Capital Budgeting Techniques in the Caribbean Region. Tong, J., Hu, J. and Hu, J., 2017. Computing equilibrium prices for a capital asset pricing model with heterogeneous beliefs and margin-requirement constraints.European Journal of Operational Research,256(1), pp.24-34.

Socrates Essays (1925 words) - Socratic Dialogues,

Socrates Socrates is a noteworthy and important historical figure as a philosopher, because of his and his pupils' influence on the development of the philosophical world. His teachings, famous arguments, and ideas began the outgrowth of all later western philosophies. Born in 469 BC just outside of Athens, Socrates was brought up properly, and thoroughly educated. He was raised as most Athenians; developing both physical and mental strengths. Socrates then went on to learn from Archelaus the philosopher. Here he studied astronomy, mathematics, and was introduced to philosophy, which was a new concept at the time. Archelaus taught of explanations for the world with a scientific approach. Socrates, however, turned away from this idea and created his own. He decided that instead of trying to understand the universe, a person should try to understand himself. To express his philosophy, Socrates spent his days in the marketplace of Athens, telling people of his ideas. His voice was heard, and he was soon declared to be the wisest of all men. Socrates' was skilled in the art of arguing. He developed a method by which he would win every debate. His favorite hobby was going to the marketplace and debating philosophical issues with other men in front of an audience. The result of these debates was that Socrates embarrassed the wise men in front of the crowd. This caused many to dislike him. After being named the wisest man, Socrates attempted to prove that this was not true. He debated with many men in the streets. These debates are some of his most famous argument methods. He started the discussion by stating that he knew nothing. As a result of the debate, he was able to prove that although his opponents claimed that they were wise, they knew nothing either. Socrates concluded that he really was the wisest man because unlike the others, he knew that he knew nothing. Socrates had many ideas and philosophies concerning issues other than the knowledge of oneself. These included explanations of the universe, the belief in god, and life's goals. Other, earlier philosophers, had many different interpretation for the makeup of the world. Some believed that it was made out of numbers, others thought that it was made of a single substance, or many different substances, while still conflicting philosophers theorized that everything was formed out of atoms, and even illusions. Socrates had his own, different ideas. He believed that the world was made of forms that are not within the reach of our senses, but only of our thoughts. This means, for example, that when we think of characteristics such as roundness, we only picture ideas of it like a ball or a wheel. Therefore, he assumed that we only understand specific things that participate in our lives. In his search for the inner truth of oneself, Socrates theorized the explanation to the question of what the goals of life are. He concluded that everyone tries to find the meaning of happiness and goodness in their existence. This is the purpose of life. However, true happiness comes in many forms and is disguised in a way that people spend their lives looking for goodness, but finding only the evil in which it is concealed. The only way to discover true happiness, goodness, and the right way, is to fully understand oneself. Socrates did not believe in the Greek gods or religion. He had his personal view of god. Socrates felt that there must be some form of divine power because everyone seemed to believe in some kind of god and religion. He also believed in a sort of immortality. He hypothesized that there was an afterlife. His explanation for it was that people who had achieved goodness in their lives knew where they were going afterwards, and that evil people tried to ignore the fact that immortality existed. He preached that the soul was a person's true being, and that our goodness in life reflected on the goodness of our souls. According to Socrates, each individual should try to make his soul as moral as possible so that it can be like god, which will allow the achievement of an afterlife. Debating in the marketplace of Athens was not Socrates' only daily activity. He also taught his philosophies to a group of students in a small classroom. These students were much like disciples. They respected and followed in the philosophies of their teacher. Socrates' most famous pupil, Plato, went on to become a great philosopher like his mentor. Socrates lived through and fought in

Ancient Roman Sandals and Other Footwear

Ancient Roman Sandals and Other Footwear Considering how prized modern Italian leather goods are today, it is perhaps not too surprising that there was a good deal of variety of the types of ancient Roman sandals and shoes. The shoe-maker (sutor) was a valued craftsman in the days of the Roman Empire, and the Romans contributed the entire-foot-encasing shoe to the Mediterranean world. Roman Footwear Innovations Archaeological studies indicate that the Romans brought the shoe-making technology of vegetal tanning to Northwestern Europe. Tanning can be accomplished by the treatment of animal skins with oils or fats or by smoking, but none of those methods result in permanent and water-resistant leather. True tanning uses vegetable extracts to create a chemically stable product, which is resistant to bacterial decay, and has resulted in the preservation of many examples of ancient shoes from damp environments such as riverside encampments and backfilled wells. The spread of vegetable tanning technology was almost certainly an outgrowth of the imperial Roman army and its supply requirements. Most of the earliest preserved shoes have been found in early Roman military establishments in Europe and Egypt. The earliest preserved Roman footwear found so far was made in the 4th century BCE, although it is still unknown where the technology originated. In addition, the Romans innovated a variety of distinctive shoe styles, the most obvious of which are hobnailed shoes and sandals. Even the single-piece shoes developed by the Romans are significantly different from the pre-Roman native footwear. The Romans are also responsible for the innovation of owning multiple pairs of shoes for different occasions. The crew of a grain ship sunk in the Rhine River about 210 CE each owned one closed pair and one pair of sandals. Civilian Shoes and Boots The Latin word for generic sandals is sandalia or soleae; for shoes and shoe-boots the word was calcei, related to the word for heel (calx). Sebesta and Bonfante (2001) report that these types of shoes were specifically worn with the toga and so were forbidden to slaves. In addition, there were slippers (socci) and theatrical footwear, like the cothurnus. The generic calceus was made of soft leather, completely covered the foot and was fastened in front with thongs. Some early shoes had pointed upward curving toes (calcei repandi), and were both laced and strapped into place. Later shoes had rounded toes.The wet weather called for a boot called the pero, which was made of rawhide. Calcamen was the name of a shoe that reached mid-calf.The black leather senators shoe or calceus senatorius had four straps (corrigiae). A senators shoes were decorated with a crescent shape on the top. Except for color and price, the senators shoe was similar to the patricians costlier red high-soled calceus mulleus fastened with hooks and straps around the ankle.Caligae muliebres were unstudded boots for women. Another diminutive was the calceoli, which was a little shoe or half boot for women. Footwear for a Roman Soldier According to some artistic representations, Roman soldiers wore embromides, impressive dress boots with a feline head that came nearly to the knees. They have never been found archaeologically, so it is possible that these were an artistic convention and never made for production. Regular soldiers had shoes called campagi militares and the well-ventilated marching boot, caliga (with the diminutive caligula used as a nickname for the 3rd Roman emperor). Caliga had extra thick soles and were studded with hobnails. Roman Sandals There were also house sandals or soleae to wear when Roman citizens were dressed in tunica and stola- soleae were thought inappropriate for wear with togas or palla. Roman sandals consisted of a leather sole attached to the foot with interlacing thongs. The sandals were removed before reclining for a feast and at the conclusion of the feast, the diners requested their sandals. References Sebesta JL, and Bonfante L. 2001. The World of Roman Costume. Madison: University of Wisconsin.van Driel-Murray C. 2001. Vindolanda and the Dating of Roman Footwear. Britannia 32:185-197.

Organizational Transformation Q&A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Transformation Q&A - Essay Example â€Å"The human capability for creative thinking, creative behaviour, and innovation is a major source of organizational change† (Levy and Merry, 1986, p.221). This reinforces that the people are integral to the development of any organization. This is an on-going process that requires the participation of the members of the organization for its efficiency and must be for the common benefit of all. These innovations are illustrative that the organization places individual growth as a part of its policy. Leadership is an important characteristic which guides the direction of the organization and is oftentimes the make or break catalyst which could either propel success, keep the status quo or lead to its demise. Many great leaders have become the cornerstone of their organization and have often been simultaneously the face which identifies the company. The leader is the one who is in the forefront of creating, managing and sustaining innovation. In the same light, he fosters th e kind of culture that is adopted by each member of the organization. Adair outlines the duty of a good leader which is necessary in implementing innovation, â€Å"It is your job as a leader at any level in the organization to facilitate desirable change and to encourage that attitude throughout the management team† (2007, p.17). ... Even ethical standards may at times differ in such a way that what is acceptable to one may be utterly deplorable to another. But this also is imperative in the continuing growth of an organization because it is important to stimulate creativity and hard work, and this could only be positively done through a reward system. The individual reward system gives the best sense of fulfilment to an employee and this may not be dispensed with. Schein proposes a logical ascertainment of this system, â€Å"Every group must develop a system of sanctions for obeying or disobeying its norms and rules. There must evolve some consensus on what symbolically and actually is defined as a reward or punishment and on the manner in which it is to be administered† (2010, p.107). This responds to the ethical implications that will necessarily exhibit because of the reward system. By creating clear-cut rules supported by an innovative and unyielding leader, the conflicts will be mitigated or at the v ery least they will be amenable to such rules. I will describe my organization as innovative because it incorporates the necessary tools that would define one to be adoptive to change and open to creativity. Admittedly, there are times when people may be butting heads and there are those who are not wholeheartedly supportive of the decisions and the policies of the management but I deem these to be necessary to the growth of the organization. Not everyone can be in good terms all the time because the company is essentially composed of people with different backgrounds and education that differences are inevitable. The policies of the company promote individual rewards which can be immensely gratifying not only on a

Economics- Topic is on PIIGS or PIGS which refers to the economies of Research Paper

Economics- Topic is on PIIGS or PIGS which refers to the economies of portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. Briefly explain the Piigs issue in regards to the world economy - Research Paper Example With these and several other multiplier challenges, the fate of the performance of these countries seems to be hanging on the balance. The following discourse attempts to expound on the global issues with regard to prospects of economic performance from the PIIGS countries. By virtue of being member states of the European Union that is economically unified by the Euro, PPIGS countries present a challenge not only to the eurozone but to the entire world. One of the factors making these countries to possess a critical role in world economics is therefore pegged to the fact that the Euro has grown to be an occupant of the top world currencies. According to Bercsten (7), Europe representation in world economy is directly proportional to the performance of the Euro in domestic economies which will in turn be extrapolated to a global impact. The author reckons that the position held by Europe with regard to world economic stage is very significant such that the developments in PIIGS ought to be a concern for any other economy remotely located out of Europe. According to Roubini (34), financial crises in the recent world economic occurrences can be predicted from the build up of economic vulnerabilities that the global economy was exposed to. In realization of the role played by political fortunes of a country to its prospects of economic survival, the author states that the political class ought to handle financial policies as if they did that to the entire world. The author reckons that the political interventions undertaken to cool down the PIIGS economic turmoil might not offer the appropriate solution to the entire world economy. By likening the economic crisis in PIIGS to a disease, Roubini (34) predicts that the intervention might prove to be a dangerous precedent set for the global economy by stating that the drug prescribed is toxic and

Placement report Essay Example for Free

Placement report Essay N.V. Elmar (Naamloze Vennootschap Electriciteit-Maatschappij Aruba) is in charge of providing electricity in Aruba. Formerly, the company’s name is N.V. ELECTRA founded by Mr. John G. Eman in 1950. After his death, his wife Mrs. F. van der Biest-Eman took over his place and continued the company’s operation. In November 9, 1950, N.V. ELECTRA discusses with Parliament the dealings of providing electricity in Aruba at the public’s interest. Under this discourse, the company had experienced several issues. ELECTRA then becomes a government property after the approving the proposal. Within the proposal, the company specifies itself to be under the control of OGEM N.V. located at the city of Rotterdam, Holland. Its first operation in November 15, 1950, N.V. Elmar has the capacity of 3000 KW with three diesel engines and eventually increased in 1958 buying a power station with a capacity of 15,000 KW. However, in 1982, OGEM experienced bankruptcy and decided to sell its shares of N.V. Elmar to Utilities Aruba N.V. owned by the government. Now, the company proudly states of its financial stability and management under the limits of concession (elmar.aw, 2004). Now, Elmar has a number of 163 employees and approximately 33,000 consumers on the island of Aruba. Island of Aruba   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Serviced by the N.V. Elmar, Aruba is a Carribean island 24 km west coast of Venezuela. Of the three Dutch Islands, Aruba is the smallest having an area of 194 km2 with eight regions, namely, Noord / Tanki Leendert, Oranjestad (West), Oranjestad (East), Paradera, Santa Cruz, Savaneta, Sint Nicolas (North) and Sint Nicolas (South). The official language used is Dutch, particularly in education, mass media and civil service. Another language, is Papiamento, second to English as the main language in the island. The population also speaks of Spanish, a prevalent language in upper grades of primary schools (Elmar, 2006). Role in the Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because I hold a position in the Human Resources Department, most of my concerns are on employee benefits, recruitment and other employee related issue. Six months in N.V. Elmar has undoubtedly reached my capacity as an employee in the Human Resources Department. Two of their projects for employees, health and wellness program and monetary rewards will be discussed as the main concept of this report. Methodology Research Design   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elmar, like any other company, has major concerns on their employees. To address, this, the company initiated a corporate Health and Wellness program. In this program, the awareness of employees on health related issues and quality of life are substantially relayed. The company has outlined the procedures by giving employees education and promotion on health programs, and orientation and coordination of health assistance. Primarily, it is important to know what the general health status in the island is. Some of the researches made convey of obesity as the primary contributor to life-limiting illnesses in Aruba. The reasons for a high rate in the island are the decreased deprivation of food and a sedentary lifestyle. Aruba is a developed country and in most studies, countries in this state have high incidences of obesity especially on families with lower household income. Often, the quality of food is overlooked wherein buying foods high in calorie and fat is rampant. In a survey conducted in 1991-1992, 67% of the Aruba population is overweight. Moreover, this finding affects both sexes. Next study was conducted in 1995 to 1996 showing the nutritional state of first up to fifth grade overweight. Approximately, 13.4 to 14% of the first graders are overweight and 26.1 to 29.4% of the fifth graders experience obesity. A more recent study in 2004 by Dr. Richard Visser stated that of the 367 children studied, 133 were obese, the number of underweight children is 18, and the remaining 216 were healthy. Significantly, Visser found out that one factor of the growing population concerning obesity in oner population is the unawareness and disregard as a public concern. Hence, attention such treatment and proper education about being obese is insufficient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Monetary and Non-Monetary rewards are essential for performance improvement of employees. Though we may see that vision, mission, and goals would be enough motivating entities in employee performance, still, these direct costs will provide a meaningful and prosperous stay in the company. In the monetary rewards, as the name implies, more of salary additions are being worked upon while the non-monetary rewards focus on recognizing the employee capability on work and other areas. Elmar Company has an incentives and rewards system, wherein it compensates, reinforces, and encourage enhancement of employee duties. In these types, providing incentives and rewards may focus on team or individual distribution. Moreover, the essentiality of these programs for employee performance, will direct work efforts in advantage to the mission, vision and goals of the company. Incentives and rewards are given to teams, organizations, or individuals in the company that exceed the company’s expectations. Procedures   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elmar company has outlined its goals and objectives in preparing the health and wellness programs. In this way, the company will properly monitor how the program is advancing towards the organization’s benefits. The company’s concern for its employees marks the unity of the two in a system of social relations. Upon noting the principles held by the company in this program, the statement now implies that there is the importance for maintenance, prevention, and promotion of health status of employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The vision of the company in pursuing this project is to develop an advanced and efficient program for the health and wellness of the company. Conceptual perceptions about this vision are: Corporate health and wellness means work with the employees of Elmar. Corporate health and wellness underlines the positive dimensions of health. Corporate health and wellness has to involve different groups, organizations and institutions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subsequently, the company has marked the strategic and operational objectives for this program. Strategic objectives cover the expected results upon reinforcement of the program while the operational objective sees how the actual procedure must perform on the employees. The following are the strategic objectives: To reduce medical costs and disability costs: many companies have found that they can significantly reduce the cost of employee health care benefits by proactively promoting health, safety and wellness. To reduce absenteeism: numerous studies have found that employee wellness programs can significantly reduce employee absenteeism. To enhance productivity: many studies have linked health risks with reduced employee productivity and have found that healthier workers are more productive. To improve general health and well being. (Corporate Health and Wellness Program, 2006: 12) While these are the operational objectives: Structure and develop corporate health and wellness programs and activities according to priorities established. These programs c.q. activities are directed to the individual employee, Elmar as an organization and the community of Aruba. Establish and reinforce collaborative relations with organizations in the community, government, and NGO’s, related to the development of specific projects in corporate health and wellness. Generate an employee data bank related to the risk factors in health and wellness that can be used to generate assistance, prevention and education programs. Develop educational activities for the employees that can reinforce the actions of promotion in corporate health and wellness. (Corporate Health and Wellness Program, 2006: 12).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To start the program, first, the company must identify which are the employee needs prior to implementing operational objectives. In order to have an appropriate amount of data, the company will have to conduct as survey amongst its employees, invite an organization that will manage the physical examination among employees and facilitate education about eating healthy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The monetary and non-monetary programs will take effect on employee’s performance level. Generally, it enhances the performance to satisfy or exceed the objectives. Examples of Monetary incentives are: Performance awards – monetary incentives that reward employees upon performance that exceeds the expectation of the company. Observation of giving this award is through formal performance ratings of record on the appraisal period. Special act or service awards – one-time awards like lump sum for employees that had done a specific task from performance. Judgment in this kind of award comes from the first line supervisors. Quality Step increases – gives employees faster than normal progression by facilitating stepped rates and a permanent increase in basic pay. Time Off awards – granting employees leave without charging their annual leave. Gain Sharing – a system, wherein both the company and the employee gain improved productivity. In this system, the company measures the productivity of employees, which in turn gives additional income to the company, then, the employees and involved organization will benefit through associated earnings of the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non-monetary incentives may be tangible or incentives that have more bases on rewards like trophies, medals, certificates, and plaques. Moreover, this kind of incentive may take an intangible position, for example, if an employee has exceeded the expectation of the company, the organization may include training opportunities and assignment of employees to a more meaningful, challenging, and prestigious kind of work. Even though these incentives may not have much value directly on budget, some studies have shown that this becomes more important as motivating factors for employee performance. The Report SWOT Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SWOT (which stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) is a type of management observation on the overall performance of an organization. This method is often used on businesses because results can be easily transformed in other business philosophy like Porter’s five forces. Generally, the SWOT analysis has effect on overall evaluation when one factor has a cited defect or disadvantage. The strengths and weaknesses are the internal factors while the external factors are the opportunities and threats (marketingteacher.com, 2007). Strengths The strengths of the health and wellness program are in aspects of giving educational awareness to employees considering health problems, disease prevention, and health status. Hence, employee performance may increase. Moreover, productivity may increase because of reduced absenteeism, medical insurance policies, and cost effective strategies. The strengths of monetary and non-monetary incentives take effect on employee and company relationship. Employees regard much of their work because of these rewards, which in turn will not only increase productivity but also enhance the quality of products and services as well. In addition, if properly examined, is the preservation and maintenance of employees with exceptional skills and abilities. Weaknesses Apparently, the weaknesses of health and wellness programs are the appropriate participation of employees particularly in health awareness programs. The individual may listen to these lectures but do not apply them in real life. One weakness of incentives is on the monetary rewards. Generally, monetary rewards have the â€Å"amounts† in order to make employee performance more successful and productive. However, some employees may look at incentive as the central mark of their performance rather than cling on the vision and mission of the organization. In addition, not all employees may non-monetary rewards as a moral perspective, because some employees may develop envy among their co-workers if abundantly present in most of the incentive policies. Opportunities A big opportunity for health and wellness program is to widen the controlled areas in health provisions such as insurance policies and discounts on medical services. The company may also generate proper motivation of these programs when medical specialists are very much involved with the program. There should always be continuity with this kind of program because health is a very essential to an individual. In monetary incentives and non-monetary incentives, monitoring units for choosing which of the employees will gain the award should have a regard. In this way, proper evaluation of the programs will provide trust to employees that the awardees deserve. Hence, envy will not have its place in the organization. Threats The health and wellness program should look unto costs prevalently diverse in most health programs like medicines, fees of professionals and other related issues on economic changes in effect to medical facilities. One threat in monetary programs is that there may be possibilities of lost on the best employees if monitoring is not properly achieved. Hence, the probability of giving good services and products may have hindrances. Reflection   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As part of this project, I have noticed the essentiality of the company and employee relationship. Seeing how Elmar valued this social interaction, the severity to serve the company is overwhelming yet incomparable to what I have seen on other organizations. Both the company and its employees are very much interested on the productivity and quality of service. Furthermore, I have seen the social impact of the health and wellness project, as it projects how the society has evolved from a simple unit to a larger unit of the company because it affects the employee performance. Monetary and non-monetary incentives are appropriate sources of motivating employees on the vision and mission of the company but proper attention on the monitoring and evaluation of awardees should be considered, as this could affect trust amongst employees. I think these are apparent objectives after the actual placement: Enhance productivity due to reduced absenteeism and proper well-being. Reduced medical costs because of subsequent education of employees on health related issues. Educational activities for employees in areas like Roll in â€Å"Wit Gele Kruis† for yearly check ups and mini health fair. Monetary Rewards has succeeded in increasing productivity. Non-monetary rewards have increased company commitment among employees. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Questionnaire results were positive, looking at the overall performance of corporate health and wellness programs. This survey will generally help the family to be aware in eating the right food and proper diet to reduce the medical costs. The mini survey has given positive results and future benefits to most employees. On the other hand, monetary and non-monetary incentives will help in motivating employees of their performance level and commitment to the company. There is also a great probability of preserving and acquiring employees with exceptional talents and skills. Bibliography N.V. Elmar. â€Å"About Us.† 2004 29 January 2008 http://www.elmar.aw/info/content/wp_aboutus.jsp SWOT Analysis. 29 January 2008 http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_swot.htm

Where Abortion Goes Wrong Essay -- Pregnancy Birth Papers

Where Abortion Goes Wrong Abortion is wrong. This is a bold statement for a twenty-one-year-old, white male raised in a middle class home, and one that I am not at all comfortable making. It is not just that the debate over abortion is so heated, or that I fear being labeled a Bible-beating fanatic. I am uncomfortable because the issue of abortion is mired in uncertainty. We all know that child abuse and rape are wrong. Under no condition can rape be justified. This is simply a fact that we all accept. The problem of abortion, on the other hand, is not nearly as straightforward. As pointed out by Frederick Turner in Abortion Can be a Moral Sacrifice, pro-life people can be sure that late-term abortions are murder. However, the same surety is not there when they consider two-day old embryos. A similar confusion can be seen by those in the pro-choice camp (Turner, 1992). Here lies the central question: With so much uncertainty surrounding abortion, can and should it ever be legislated? To answer this question, we must first understand the basis for both sides' positions. Misunderstandings have long been the major block to meaningful discussions. The pro-life camp's position is often thought to stem from a hidden agenda to suppress women, whereas the pro-choice position is often linked to loose morals and little emphasis on responsibility. These ideals or traits may be held by a limited number in each group, but they are not indicative of the majority. Most pro-life and pro-choice advocates sincerely believe in their convictions and have legitimate arguments to back up their beliefs. Actually, the arguments of both sides are rooted in the same key principles. The first is an understanding of the worth of the fetus, and, based... ...orn. New York: Delacorte Press/Seymour Lawrence. Thomson, J.J. (1971). A defense of abortion. In R.M. Baird & S.E. Rosenbaum (Eds.), The ethics of abortion: pro-life vs. pro-choice (pp. 29-44). New York: Prometheus Books. Tooley, M. (1972). Abortion and infanticide. In R.M. Baird & S.E. Rosenbaum (Eds.), The ethics of abortion: pro-life vs. pro-choice (pp. 45-59). New York: Prometheus Books. Turner, F. (1992). Abortion can be a moral sacrifice. In L. Bruno (Ed.), The abortion controversy. (pp. 55-58). Warren, M.A. (1973). On the moral and legal status of abortion. In R.M. Baird & S.E. Rosenbaum (Eds.), The ethics of abortion: pro-life vs. pro-choice (pp. 75- 82). New York: Prometheus Books. Zindler, F.R. (1985). Human life does not begin at conception. In C.P. Cozic (Ed.), Abortion: opposing viewpoints (pp. 17-22). San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc.

In The Heart of Darkness Essay

In The Heart of Darkness, Marlow learns firsthand the consequences, cruelty, commerce, and corruption of color consciousness in European colonialism. The mercantilism and capitalism which were gaining currency in Europe officially spread throughout the world by the colonialism. This focus on wealth acquisition drives the Europeans to loot African territories of the precious ivory, ignites the vicious cycle of violence and cruelty, dehumanizes the Natives of Africa, and takes modern racism to a whole new level under the pretext of civilizing and pacifying the African peoples. Marlow, who is the protagonist in this book along with Kurtz, bears testimony of his voyage to Africa that: â€Å"I have seen the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and the devil of hot desire† (Conrad 34). These explanation sums up what Marlow encounters in Africa and gives a hint as to crimes of colonialism which existed in the name of trade and conquest. The Heart of Darkness explores the darkest motivations of colonialism and highlights its pillaging agenda by commercialization of a culture, the denuding and exploitation of great wealth. In the Scramble for Africa, European countries unanimously agreed on sacking and claiming portions of it. The agreement legitimized the groups of pirates posed as traders to exchange with and enslave the native peoples in a second round of Neo-Slavery. The significance of the title, Heart of Darkness, flows in tandem with the love of money which is the root of all evil. This imperialist greed is what exposes â€Å"the criminality of inefficiency and pure selfishness when tackling the civilizing work of Africa† (Hawkins 286). The heart is wholly given over to the selfish pursuit of wealth and encumbers the masses by enslavement and deception. Kurtz is the embodiment of European colonialism â€Å"for mostly his expeditions had been for ivory† (Conrad 92). The price of ivory is invaluable. As testament to the presence of the extraction of Ivory in colonial times, we have the Ivory Coast. The natives would hunt the elephant for the ivory and then would trade it for shells, strings, rum etc with the European ‘explorers.’ Just as Kurtz’ life revolves around the hunt and gain for ivory (wealth), the central purpose of the Scramble for Africa which instigated the European colonialism is commerce, which was only exploitation of an ignorant people. Kurtz is introduced to Marlow as a man â€Å"grubbing for ivory† (Conrad 72). Marlow/Conrad uses a skilful literary technique in dehumanizing the Europeans for only animals grub for food. Ivory becomes not only the food which feeds their insatiable desires for self-aggrandizement, but also holds an enshrined position as a god, to whom their veneration ascends. As a newcomer on the expedition, Marlow heard â€Å"the word ivory rang in the air, was whispered and sighed. You would think they were praying to it. A taint of imbecile rapacity blew through it all† (Conrad 44). These men sell their souls for a natural resource in the name of commercialization and prosperity. Under the aegis of a company, plans were made to undermine the rights of the people and to acquire more territory. Marlow frequently alludes to â€Å"the Company† for whom he works. It is the East Indian Company which established trading posts and for whom Marlow, Kurtz, and several other British men render service. Conrad states that â€Å"the Company had the right to every bit of information about its territories† (Conrad175). Here is a bold statement which demonstrates the company authorizing decrees, setting up surveillance, annexing territory, and claiming rights to ownership and governance. The embryonic signs are already being made manifest that Neo-colonialism is going to rear its head to prominence. As if to emphasize the financial nature of their purpose and intercourse with the people, Conrad underlines that the team of the Company were like those of El Dorado, â€Å"hunters for gold or pursuers of fame† (Conrad 17). Conrad makes a pertinent connection with the conquistadores and Spanish explorers of the ‘New World’ who searched and hunted for gold due to the mythological tale of hidden treasures in the jungles. The motives and the techniques have not changed. The goal of the men to Africa is specifically to conduct trade although there is full-blown cartography going on along the book similar to the early Spanish explorers. Describing the manager of one of the Company’s stations, Marlow describes him as one whose â€Å"eyes glittered like mica discs† (Conrad 45). This comparison of his eyes to mica tells of his mercenary vision and objective. Mica is a silvery precious stone which gleams like diamond-like crystals which a hexagonal shape. It was considered a jewel since it was rarefied in Europe thus highly costly. The cruelty of European colonialism is plain to the sight in Heart of Darkness, and is a by-product of a darkened heart. The presence of rifles, guns, and bayonets of the Europeans versus the spears, bows, arrows, and clubs of the Native makes this novel very bloody, dehumanizing, violent, and brutal. The paragon of cruelty is of course, Kurtz who embodies the Machiavellian ethic of colonizers who do whatever is necessary to achieve their own ends. As Marlow enters Kurtz’ dwelling, Marlow is greeted by the heads which stand on stakes and adorn his home like medals (Conrad 94). What barbarous man would have dead cadavers of beheaded victims constantly surrounding him! The reeking of death in Heart of Darkness is â€Å"the scent of the lies’ taint as it emanates from the symbolic corpses and metaphoric decay that litters the course of the story† (Steward 319). Moral decay and decadence are what corrupts Kurtz and which becomes materialized in the cadavers around which he surrounds himself. Whatever the colonizers could not obtain by deception, they take by force. Cruelty comes naturally to Kurtz to the point that it overtakes him. Even Kurtz threatens to kill Marlow on one occasion in demand for some of the latter’s ivory. Often intertribal war would erupt because of hunting conflict and robberies-it was a bloody, cruel affair. Marlow depicts the hunting as â€Å"just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale† (Conrad 69). In one instance Marlow witness to the merciless beating of an African by one of the European traders as punishment (Conrad 23). Cruelty is a tactic employed to subject and to intimidate people. A startling case of this is the beating of the African which Marlow records earlier in the book. The castigation occurs in front of several of his own people who stand around doing nothing to help the beaten victim. Marlow sees the strong Africans around him and knows that they can overpower the white men, however, the mind is already enslaved and terrorized therefore the Europeans have free rein over Africa. Whipping is a punitive method which recalls the times of slavery where slaves had to be lashed as incentive to toil harder or as an example of warning to others. Sometimes cruelty is the means and sometimes it is the end. Violence breeds violence. As the Europeans continue to assume rights and invade territory, the people of Africa rise up in rebellion. A few men of their team are killed by the African artillery. Marlow attests to the ammunition where he observes â€Å"a heavy rifle, and a light revolver carbine – the thunderbolts of that pitiable Jupiter† (Conrad 98). Moreover, Africans negotiated the ivory trade provided that they could acquire the high caliber weapons of the Europeans so that in their local wars, they could have a greater advantage. The proliferation of arms serves the Europeans’ purpose to divide and rule so that cruelty against the Africans advances the ruin of the Africans when they kill one another. The consequences of colonialism are too many to be enumerated; however the primary ones are dehumanization, exploitation, poverty, and the death of a culture. The European colonizers place a negative construction on Africans which Marlow himself has done. Although he only narrates the story based on his Eurocentric perspective, it is still colored with bias, prejudice, dehumanization, and condescension toward the Africans. Viewing a people as inferior justifies their slaughtering and the plundering of their goods. Marlow says that he sees â€Å"twenty cannibals splashing around and pushing† (Conrad 61) in a river. This epithet ‘cannibal’ represents the less than flattering aspect of the African upon which the European fixates thus debasing them and their culture as subhuman. Cannibalism existed in some areas of Africa; however, for all the time that Marlow remains in Africa he is not eaten. Calling Africans cannibals was a normal act however which was in vogue among the Europeans. The Africans are never considered human in the novel. They are named â€Å"black figures† (Conrad 48), â€Å"savages† (Conrad 98), barbarian â€Å"naked human beings† (Conrad 97), â€Å"nigger† (Conrad 23), â€Å"shadows† (Conrad 100). Matched up against animals, Marlow compares their sounds to â€Å"a violent babble of uncouth sounds† (Conrad 38). No African speaks intelligibly in the novel seeing that their foreign tongue has a cacophonous, guttural, and animalistic note. As a result the power of discourse solely belongs the white man. â€Å"Edward Said suggests that colonial power and discourse is possessed entirely by the colonizer† (JanMohamed 59). The dehumanization of the African serves to yoke them with The White Man’s Burden masterfully expounded by Rudyard Kipling. â€Å"Marlow feels that colonialism can be redeemed by embracing an idea unselfishly. That idea can be compared to Rudyard Kipling’s The White Man’s Burden† (Farn 16). Broaching more in depth the theme of European colonialism, Marlow comments that â€Å"all Europe contributed to the making of Kurtz†¦the International Society for the Suppression of the Savage† (Conrad 83). Here he admits Kurtz’ collusion with Britain and other members of Europe in oppressing African peoples. The beating of the Africans like little children or animals also contributes to the debasement of this people from whose lands they were benefitting. A savage is semi-human if he is at all, and since to the colonizers he has nothing to say, nor are they interested in deciphering his tongue, they take greater liberty at enchaining him in a web of incomprehensible deceit. Dehumanization is crucial in the process of colonialism for enslavement of the mind comes first and then the enslavement of the body and person. The colonized individual’s will must be broken, set at nought value and then the colonial is at liberty to dominate, exploit and commodify the human being. â€Å"The colonial legacy in Africanist ethnography can never be negated, but must be acknowledged under the sign of its erasure† (Apter 577). Commodification converts the ‘sacred into the profane’ (Marx 1848). The English explorers were the colonists of their day and once they constructed the Africans as inferior, or below their culture, dehumanization becomes easy and an almost natural step. The bitterest servitude was imposed and cruel aggressions executed and perpetrated against the Africans. Brutality, demonization and savagery are justified for the indigenous peoples are not fully human; consequently the Indians are wholly in their power through gratuitous cruelty and carnage. European colonizers profited from servility and subjugation. Through force, coercion and duress the European colonizers manipulate for ivory or exact ivory, while treating the natives like excrement. The role of color in European colonialism is easy to fathom in The Heart of Darkness. The depth of the color of darkness has several connotations which Marlow picks up along the way. First of all, the association of black has both positive and negative meanings. Blackness exemplifies richness, depth, and unity; on the other hand, black also is equated with evil, corruption, colonialism, and the devil. By the book’s name, one can see that there is a colored system which Marlow has to see for himself to believe. Views about the human nature and the human heart are also studied as one sees its enormous capacity to perform beastly, monstrous acts and these are the traits which color and taint his heart. Heart of Darkness conveys the â€Å"timeless myth about the exploration of the human soul and the metaphysical power of evil† (Raskin 113).Colonialism is all about color and thrives on, the color line, the division of the races. The European whites are distinguished about the African blacks; the color on the maps is a legendary key indicating the colonized areas of Africa. Marlow realizes that Kurtz’ heart is black as hell toward the end of the novel. The ignorance and primitiveness of the Africans are contrasted with men who lived in the light of civilization. Hence, the reader gains a broad and deep insight in understanding the color codes as Marlow himself comes to grasp, as he represents the vicarious witness through whose eyes, the reader observes the process of colonization in Africa. In sum, Conrad effectively critiques colonialism and places before the reader the darkened heart: the commerce, cruelty, corruption, and color consciousness in European colonialism in Heart of Darkness. These elements plunge both the colonist and the colonizer in an abyss of ruin where both become dehumanized, financially or morally bankrupt, and violent. The period of Neo-colonialism in Africa accomplishes great havoc in the name of progress, commercialization, and prosperity.

The Issue Of Substance Abuse Essay - 2075 Words

It is well known that any form of substance use can be fatal, but so can a lot of other things: choking, accidents, health issues, and sheer bad luck. However, there is something special about substance abuse - fatalities from substance use are considered preventable. Take deaths associated with driving under the influence of alcohol, lung cancer brought on by smoking, or heart attacks associated with cocaine use. A person could die in a car crash, from lung cancer, or a heart attack without ever touching alcohol, cigarettes, or cocaine respectively. However, there is an increase in death associated with these items. The most curious part of this is the legal versus illegal categorization of substances. According to the Center for Disease Control, tobacco is considered the leading cause of preventable death (CDC, 2016). Yet, not only is it legal, a person in the U.S. can purchase cigarettes as young as 18, which is three years earlier than the legal age to drink alcohol. This knowled ge leads to questions about addiction and prevalence of substance use. Besides being readily available and highly addictive, are there other factors in the use and abuse of legal substances and are they good indicators of illicit drug use? There is clear evidence to support that children, adolescents, and adults learn and emulate what they see on television. The American Academy of Pediatrics has done research and come to the conclusion that â€Å"the causes of adolescent substance use areShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Drug And Substance Abuse2269 Words   |  10 PagesDrug and substance abuse has become prevalent in the contemporary society. Today many people abuse drugs because of the exposure they receive from the internet. Smoking of tobacco and its products has been legalized in the American soil despite its hazardous health impacts. 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